Method of manufacturing a composition for paving and like purposes.



J. H. AMIES. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITION FOR PAVING AND LIKE PURPOSES. APPLICATION FILED NOV.15, 1909.

1,062,686. Pa nted May 27, 1913.

IVITNESSES:

W6C 394 M M BY A TTORNEI'.

' the manner herein- UNITED STATES PATENT onrion.

zrosnrri HAY stains, on rninannnnnm," PENNSYLVANIA, ,AssIGNon 'ro Amns ASPHALT COMPANY, A CORPORATION or SOUTH DAKOTA.

METHOD OF UFACTURING A COMPOSITION FOB. PAVING AND LIKE PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May'27, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH HAY AMms, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia,'in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improved Method of Manufacturing a Com osition for Paving and Like Purposes, of W ichithe following is a s cification.

his invention has relation to compositions forroads, streets and sidewalk paving, paths, cellar bottoms, roofs and like purposes and has more articular relation to escribed of securing compositions calculated to be free of voids.

Many attempts have been made but without success to secure-a practical degree of compactness. 'Among the attempts that more closely ap roached securing this result was that o the formation of asphalt blocks composed of fragments of" broken stone of various sizes mixed with hot asphalt cement and then subjected to pressure. These blocks did not sufliciently shut out air and water from the paving interior and so age-lasting endurance wasnot secured. To provide a voidless paving possessed of perfect compactness where the composition thereof is partly made up of asphalt or other binder, it is important that the binder be hermeticallysealed asit were to preserve it from deterioration and aging. Other attempts have been made with the same objects-in view by making acomposition, consisting of stones of diflerent sizes, coated separate y and in as nearlynniform sizes as possible with hot bituminous binders, the said composition being then laid in of the mineral aggregate, heating the same in a combined form and mixing therewith a hot binder and then laying the resultant ,composition and compressing the same to a face. In all-of these compositions, the end sought to be attained has fallen short, due

to the fact that a'sufiicientdegree of solidity to perfectly shut out air and water was not procured, therefore the paving constructed therefrom failed lasting endurance.

The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the above-recited disadvantageous features and to provide a paving composition which, when laid, shall be perfectly free of voids, andin which abrasion of the mineral particles thereof shall be eliminated. With these and other to possess ageobjects in view, the invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described and finally claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof and in whichi Figure 1, is a fragmentary diagrammatic view of the binder covered particles of the paving composition of the mvention prior Broken stone and preferably paper in bulk are placed together in a mixing machine.

the stones and paper and cause the stones smallpieces, the grinding operation being continued until the paper fibers become somewhat balled oragglomerated. If-the grinding operation was carried on beyond this oint, the paper would be converted -into net and its usefulnesslessened or destroyed. The balled or agglomerated condi-' tion of the paper is retained throughout the life of the paving when laid and the-balls of paper have the tendency to work to the top thereof where they form, with refer-.

enoe to the harder or stone portions of the paving, cushions or binders. While the mixer is still oy ierating, a bituminous cement is thrown in uponv the stones and paper and when the same are well mixed together, the compositionis immediately dumped therefrom. Heretofore fibers have always been comminuted previously to being mixed with gravel and sand. This opera.-

tion makes the paving material too costly.-

By the above described process, the agitation of the stones and fibers together reduce; the cost-of the application of fibers to being compressed, Fig. 2, is a similar The mixer in operating serves to agitate.

to grind and tear thepaper into relatively,

hand, limestone and sand rock cannot beused for road building, because they are too soft to withstand shock and the attrition of traffic, and because they will not bond with their own dust. Limestone and sandstone however can be found generally over. a very large area of the road making fields. This improvement will make these hitherto useless materials almost as desirable for road making as the said trap rock, and thus vastly reduce the expense of road building and maintenance.

The crushed stone as it comes from the crusher is of varied sizes. I may however use crushed stone of a uniform size. This crushed stone is preferably placed as described in a mixing machine and while I may use in connect-ion therewith fibrous materlal such as sea peat, swamp peat, sugar cane refuse, manila, hemp, comminuted or shredded paper, or paper pulp or pulped paper, chopped or ground hay or straw corn fodder, saw dust andthe like, I preferably use refuse .paper. This refuse paper will be placed among. the agitated mineral aggregates and then the bituminous cements are I added. In this way the paper becomes readily comminuted. Refuse paper is preferred, because in the making of paper heavy compression has already been applied to the fibers of which it is composed. It has been found in practice that in order to secure against the abrasion of soft sand stone and lime stone and to secure other desired results it is desirable to use paper in bulk, in. quantities of about 200 pounds to each 1800 pounds of broken stone. With the above about 150 pounds of bituminous cement is mixed to provide a commercially valuable composition. The mineral particles. thus coated as described, uponv their removal from the'mixing machine are diaammatically illustrated in Fig. 3, of the 'raw ngs, the mineral particles being designated 1, and the combined fibrous material and bituminous binder beingdesignated 2. Referring now to Fig. 1, the composition of the invention is applied to any suitable base.

Compression is now applied to thepaving asby rolling inorder to attain a perfect filling of all voids of the paving. As compression is applied, the fibrous-bituminous blnder coatings 2, being resilient or cushion-1ike',-wi1l move sets to spread among the mineral particles and lodge within "and fill up all openings between the various mineral par ticles as shown in Fig. 2. The result of this moving or shifting of the bituminiz'ed fibrous matter will result in providing a voidless pavement. The fibrous-bituminous binder serves an additional purpose, reference to which will now be given. Ordinarily bituminous pavings wear away because of the fact that the binder does not sufficiently dissipate shocks and attrition of traflic. The mineral particles are brought together under .the rolling process and the unequal and roughsides of the said particles will vibrate under hard shocks and rub or grind against each other. In cold weather, the binder becomeshard and brittle and finally through aging becomes permanently so. This brittle condition of the binder toget-her with the grinding and rubbingproc- Crushed stone being of varied-and comparatively small size, it would be impractical to calk the same by hand with the fibrous-bituminous matter after the stone is laid and hence the operation of mixing the stone particles with the fibrous matters while in the mixing machine.

What I claim is:-

1. The herein described method of manufacturing a paving composition which consists in placing together in a mixing machine broken stone and fibrous material in bulk, operatingthe rnixer to secure tearing of the. fibrous material into relatively small pieces said tearing of the fibrous material resulting from the grinding action of the stones in the operation ofthe mixer, continuing the operation of the mixer to well distribute the fibrous material among the broken stones and while the mixer is still being operated adding to the said broken stones and fibrous material a bituminous cement and continuing the operation of the mixer until said cement becomes well mixed with the agitating stones and fibrous material whereupon the finished composition is immediately. dumped from the mixer.

2. The herein described method of manu-. facturing apaving composition which consists in placing together in a mixing machine broken stone and paper in bulk, ope-rating the mixer to secure tearing of the paper into relatively small pieces said tearing of the paper resultin from the grinding action of the stones in t e operation of the mixer, continuing the operation of the mixer torn paper a bituminous cement and conuntil the paper fibers 'become somewhat balled or agglomerated said operation serv in to well distribute the paper fibers thus ha led or agglomerated among the broken stones andwhile the mixer is still being oper ated adding to the said broken stones and tinuing the operation of the mixer until said cement becomes Well mixed with the agitating stones and paper, whereupon the 10 signed my name.

JOSEPH HAY AMIES. Witnesses:

WILLIAM J. JACKSON, 1 Aemzs CASKEY. 

